jvm

what is JVM ?
java virtual machine(JVM) is a virtual machine that provides runtime environment to execute java byte code.
JVM are most often implemnted to run on existing operating system

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Challenges of Software Development

• Complexity
• Longevity and Evolution
• High User Expectation

 Complexity:

• The software systems are very large and complex. Complexity is dictated by the problems the systems are intended to solve and the services they are intended to provide.
• No individual can comprehend every detail of the system.The system must be broken down into manageable parts.The cooperative efforts are required.
•  Methodologies, techniques, and tools that work well for small systems developed by individuals are not effective for large systems developed by teams.    

Longevity and Evolution:

• Because of economic, political, and other constraints,software systems are often in service for very long periods of time. 
• During their lifetimes, software must constantly evolve to accommodate changes in users’ needs and environments.
• Making changes to software systems is a difficult task.
• Furthermore, maintenance not only is costly and time-consuming, but also usually degrades the quality of the system being maintained.
• The maintenance cost of the software system over its lifetime is far greater than its initial development cost.  

High User Expectation: 

• n the past: Computers were mainly used in universities, research institutions, and large corporations. The majority of software systems users were engineers and scientists, who had the technical skills to handle the glitches they might encounter while using the system. 
• Today:   Computers are used in homes, schools, and business of all sizes, and are used for pleasure as well as for work. Majority of software users are nontechnical, ordinary people.Computer software products are considered as consumer products. The products are expected to perform as household appliance. Software systems are expected to be “bug-free”, but such perfection is next to impossible

Software Development development are: 

• to find effective solution to control complexities of software systems;
• to manage the longevity and evolution of software systems;
• to deliver software systems with higher  reliability and usability.

  

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oop through java

OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING THROUGH JAVA                                                                                                                

UNIT I: Basics of Object Oriented Programming (OOP):

Need for OO paradigm, A way of viewing world – Agents, responsibility, messages, methods, classes and instances, class hierarchies (Inheritance), method binding, overriding and exceptions, summary of oop concepts, coping with complexity, abstraction mechanisms.

UNIT II: Java Basics:

Data types, variables, scope and life time of variables, arrays, operators, expressions, control statements, type conversion and costing, simple java program, classes and objects – concepts of classes, objects, constructors, methods, access control, this keyword, garbage collection, overloading methods and constructors, parameter passing, recursion, string handling.

UNIT III: Inheritance:

Hierarchical abstractions, Base class object, subclass, subtype, substitutability, forms of inheritance- specialization, specification, construction, extension, limitation, combination, benefits of inheritance, costs of inheritance. Member access rules, super uses, using final with inheritance, polymorphism, abstract classes.

UNIT IV: Packages and Interfaces:

Defining, Creating and Accessing a Package, Understanding CLASSPATH, importing packages, differences between classes and interfaces, defining an interface, implementing interface, applying interfaces, variables in interface and extending interfaces.

UNIT V: Exception handling and Multithreading:

Concepts of exception handling, benefits of exception handling, Termination or presumptive models, exception hierarchy, usage of try, catch, throw, throws and finally, built in exceptions, creating own exception sub classes. Differences between multi threading and multitasking, thread life cycle, creating threads, synchronizing threads, daemon threads, thread groups.

UNIT VI: Applets:

Concepts of Applets, differences between applets and applications, life cycle of an applet, types of applets, creating applets, passing parameters to applets. Applet to applet communication, secure applet

UNIT VII: Event Handling:

Events, Event sources, Event classes, Event Listeners, Delegation event model, handling mouse and keyboard events, Adapter classes, inner classes. The AWT class hierarchy, user interface components- labels, button, canvas, scrollbars, text components, check box, check box groups, choices, lists panels – scrollpane, dialogs, menubar, graphics, layout manager – layout manager types – boarder, grid, flow, card and grid bag.

UNIT VIII: Swings:

Introduction, limitations of AWT, MVC architecture, components, containers, exploring swing- JApplet, JFrame and JComponent, Icons and Labels, text fields, buttons – The JButton class, Check boxes, Radio buttons, Combo boxes, Tabbed Panes, Scroll Panes, Trees, and Tables.

TEXT BOOKS:

1.      Java: The complete reference, 7/e, Herbert schildt, TMH.

2.      Java: How to Program, 8/e, Dietal, Dietal, PHI

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1.      Learn Object Oriented Programming using Java, Venkateswarlu, E V Prasad, S. Chand

2.      Programming in Java2, Dr K SomaSundaram, JAICO Publishing house

3.      Object Oriented Programming through Java, P. Radha Krishna, University Press.  


Download the study material for 
                                     UNIT-I
                                     UNIT-II
                                     UNIT-III
                                     UNIT-IV

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